Specific electrical conductivity  –  Reciprocal Resistivity (This measures how well a fluid conducts electric current. It’s the reciprocal of resistivity, meaning fluids with high conductivity let electricity flow easily, while fluids with low conductivity resist electricity.)

Dielectric Constant – Relative Permittivity (it measures a fluid’s ability to store electrical energy in an electric field compared to vacuum. It reflects how a fluid polarizes under an electric field.)

Dielectric Dissipation Factor – (DDF) (Also called the loss tangent or tan delta, it measures the energy lost as heat when an alternating electric field passes through a fluid. It indicates how much the fluid dissipates electrical energy.)